In an electrical system, a component of the current or voltage which consists of any frequency is harmonic in the DC system. Source of the harmonic content in the DC systems are energy storing devices.
Consider an oscillating DC voltage as shown in the figure and its represented in terms of Fourier series in equation(1).
Fourier series in equation (1) can express as follow
where,
Using equation (2), RMS voltage is :
Here, $V_{0}$ is the DC component of the voltage v(t). So, only $V_{0}$ is desirable and other components are considered as harmonics.
In equation(8) $V_{oh}$ is the RMS value of harmonic content in the waveform. Dividing equation (8) with respect to the desired value $V_{0}$ will give voltage ripple factor (VRF).
where FF is Form Factor
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